過敏原資料

易過敏食物：最好一歲或一歲半之後再給予 
-水果類：柑橘類(柳橙、橘子、葡萄柚等)、草莓、奇異果、芒果、蕃茄、香蕉、哈密瓜、椰子 
-蔬菜類：玉米、竹筍、茄子、芋頭、香菇、芹菜、芥菜、殘留農藥的蔬菜 
-豆類：大豆、黃豆(豆腐、豆漿、豆花、豆乾、豆奶等)、碗豆 
-奶類：牛奶、羊奶、乳製品(奶油、布丁、冰淇淋、優酪乳、乳酪、起司等) 
-蛋類：蛋白、蛋製品(蛋糕、沙拉、美乃滋等)；(蛋黃可於八個月後，由少量開始給予) 
-五穀類：小麥(麵粉製品、麵條)、蕎麥、全麥、麥粉、烘培類食品、芝麻 
-堅果類：花生及花生製品(花生醬、花生油等) 、杏仁、核桃、腰果、胡桃、栗子等 
-肉類：豬肉、牛肉 
-海鮮：有殼海鮮(蝦、龍蝦、螃蟹、蛤蜊、蚌、貝類等)、鱈魚、鮭魚、不新鮮的魚 
-含咖啡因類：巧克力、咖啡、可可、茶、可樂 
-其他：肉桂、芥末、酵母、醬油、人工食品添加物(人工色素、防腐劑等)、含酒精飲料或食物

P.S. 
1.可能造成過敏的食物，可能以不同的名字出現在包裝上，常見的包括： 
-小麥粉：粗麥粉、細麥粉 
-蛋白：白蛋白 
-乳製品：乳清蛋白、酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸鈉 

2.仔細閱讀食品包裝上的標示，才知道吃進的東西是什麼： 
-可可亞粉、含奶油的食物、肉汁及一些醬汁都含有牛奶 
-麵條與各種形狀的義大利麵中都含有小麥，有時還有雞蛋 
-罐頭湯可能含有小麥和乳製品 
-大部分的麵包都含有乳製品 
-人造奶油通常含有乳清蛋白 
-熱狗、冷盤切片、『非乳製品』點心含有酪蛋白酸鈉 

3.較不易過敏食物： 
-水果類：蘋果、梨子、葡萄、芭樂、水蜜桃、木瓜、棗子、酪梨、小紅莓、杏桃 
-蔬菜類：胡蘿蔔、南瓜、地瓜、地瓜葉、青江菜、空心菜、高麗菜、莧菜、花椰菜、萵苣、蘆筍、甜菜
-五穀類：米 
-肉類：雞肉、火雞、羊肉

過敏會經歷哪些階段？

「過敏性疾病」也會隨著年齡的改變而漸漸出現不同的症狀：過敏兒在嬰兒期容易對食物過敏，常表現皮膚或腸胃道症狀，例如異位性皮膚炎、濕疹或嘔吐、腹瀉，大約2歲之後，腸道症狀多會消失。3、4歲後，過敏兒開始對空氣過敏，反而是過敏性鼻炎和氣喘的問題隨之而來。

Q1：為什麼嬰幼兒容易發生食物過敏？

大多數的過敏原為大分子的水溶性蛋白質，正常的胃腸道有足夠的屏障可抵擋外來的蛋白質入侵。然而嬰幼兒的胃腸道發育尚未成熟，消化液分泌不足，免疫球蛋白分泌低，再加上腸壁穿透性較高，因此當接觸到這些蛋白質時，過敏原便可輕易地進入體內，引發過敏反應。

研究發現，嬰兒期異位性皮膚炎約有50%與食物過敏有關，如果嬰兒時期因食物過敏而產生皮膚症狀或腸胃道症狀，將來就有極高的可能性轉變成為過敏性鼻炎或氣喘病患。

因此，要避免小朋友將來受一輩子的苦，謹慎地選擇嬰兒食品就顯得格外重要。


Q2：發生食物過敏可能會出現的症狀？

食物過敏引起的症狀可能在接觸到過敏食物後數分鐘或幾天後才發生，可以是很輕微，但有時也會嚴重到威脅生命。

臨床症狀包括腸胃症狀（70%）及非腸胃症狀（30%）：「腸胃症狀」包括噁心、嘔吐、腹痛、腹瀉、血便、舌頭及咽喉水腫、咽喉癢。「非腸胃症狀」則包括眼結膜發炎、搔癢、蕁麻疹、異位性皮膚炎、血管水腫、鼻炎、咳嗽、氣喘等。

以嬰兒期來說，由於飲食的種類不多，不是母奶就是配方奶。然而有部分的嬰兒對配方奶中的牛奶蛋白產生過敏，而引起多方面的不舒服。例如過敏嬰兒常在餵奶後哭鬧不安，腹瀉的程度可以從輕度的腹瀉到嚴重而導致腸黏膜萎縮，造成生長遲緩。有些則會發現糞便帶有血絲黏液。以外觀上來說，過敏嬰兒常在臉頰兩側、皮膚皺褶處長有濕疹，而嬰兒可能因為搔癢而睡不好或拒吃。

近來，有愈來愈多的文獻提供「益生菌」（Probiotics）治療過敏病的證據。

所謂「益生菌」為有益於宿主的活菌，藉由重建腸內好菌數目、改變腸黏膜細胞的結構及影響體內免疫細胞功能，而重新調節並能增強腸內的整體免疫機制，進而對已過敏的人可以減緩其過敏發炎的反應；而對尚未過敏的人，則可以預防過敏病的發生。

益生菌目前已經被證實對於腸道過敏或是異位性皮膚炎的改善有幫助，但是對於氣喘和過敏性鼻炎則還未被證實，而攝取的劑量以及應該服用的時間目前也沒有定論，因此益生菌的研究在整個過敏性疾病所扮演的角色仍有待進一步研究。

資訊來源: 

http://www.babyhome.com.tw/note.php?mid=534331&op=dt&lno=0&no=10220058

10 of the Most Common Food Allergies in Kids - 令兒童過敏的10種最常見食物

When it comes to kids’ health, food allergies are certainly nothing to sneeze at. While many food sensitivities and allergies cause little more than discomfort, itching or hives, there are those that can have potentially lethal implications. Before introducing new foods into a child’s diet, it’s wise to have a reasonable understanding of common food allergens and know the signs of an allergic reaction.

• Eggs – Egg whites contain proteins that have been known to cause allergic reactions in kids and adults alike, with symptoms ranging from relatively mild to some as severe as anaphylaxis. While the protein is found in egg whites, it’s important that kids with an egg allergy avoid any egg products whatsoever.
• Milk – The single most common food allergy among infants and young children is a milk allergy. An estimated 2.5% of kids under the age of three are allergic to milk, and most infants with a milk allergy develop it within their first year. Some kids do outgrow milk allergies as they get older, but only an allergist’s test is a safe way of determining whether or not a milk allergy has been outgrown.
• Soy – According to the Food Allergy Research and Education group, the majority of children with a soy allergy will outgrow it by the time they’re ten years old. In that time, however, kids can suffer from reactions that are mild to very severe. Roughly 0.4% of kids suffer from a soy allergy, making it another common allergen.
• Wheat – The most predominant grain product in the United States is wheat, and it’s also one of the more common food allergens affecting children. While the vast majority of wheat-allergic kids will outgrow their sensitivities before reaching adulthood, reactions can be severe in some cases, so it’s important to avoid any and all products containing wheat if a child in the family has such an allergy.
• Peanuts – Between 1997 and 2008, the number of kids in the United States with a peanut allergy more than tripled. This common food allergy is becoming even more common with every passing year, and can be one of the most lethal food allergies. Kids with peanut allergies can have severe reactions from merely inhaling peanuts or coming into contact with them.
• Tree Nuts – Reactions to tree nuts can be potentially fatal, and only about 9% of kids suffering from a tree nut allergy will outgrow it before reaching adulthood. Younger siblings of kids with established tree nut allergies may be more likely to suffer from the same sensitivities, according to the Food Allergy Research & Education network, so talk to your allergist about sibling testing.
• Fish – More than half of people with a specific type of fish allergy are also allergic to other kinds of fish, so it’s wise to avoid all fish products if your child is allergic to one particular type. Most kids will not outgrow a fish allergy, and fish proteins that cause reactions can become airborne during cooking through steam.
• Shellfish – Shellfish allergies are another common food sensitivity, but tend to be different from allergies to finned fish. A child who’s allergic to shellfish may not be allergic to finned fish, so it’s wise to talk about further testing with your child’s doctor if she’s exhibited signs of an allergic reaction.
• Strawberries – There are specific proteins found in strawberries that some kids’ bodies recognize as foreign and harmful. Strawberry allergies are more common than many parents and caregivers realize, so it’s important to be cautious when introducing them into kids’ diets.
• Kiwi – A study funded by the Food Standards Agency shows an increasing number of reported allergies to kiwi fruit, especially among kids who suffer from other allergies. This is another unexpectedly common food allergy, and a food with which parents and caregivers should introduce to a child’s diet with caution.

If a child begins exhibiting any signs of an allergic reaction or complaining of discomfort after eating a new food, it’s best to seek emergency medical treatment. Even if the reaction is a mild one or a false alarm altogether, you can’t be too cautious when you’re dealing with potential anaphylaxis.

Source: http://www.backupcare.org/blog/10-of-the-most-common-food-allergies-in-kids/

Common Food Allergies - 常見的食物過敏

Part 1 of 8: Overview

When the body's immune system reacts abnormally to something a person eats or drinks, it's known as a food allergy.

According to Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE), it’s estimated that 15 million Americans have food allergies. Children are more likely to experience food allergies. Approximately 1 in every 13 children in the United States lives with food allergies.

A food allergy may affect the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, or the respiratory or cardiovascular systems. Many types of foods can be allergens, but certain foods are much more likely than others to trigger an allergic reaction.

According to FARE, eight foods are responsible for 90 percent of food allergies. They are:

• cow's milk
• eggs
• peanuts
• fish
• shellfish
• tree nuts (such as cashews or walnuts)
• wheat
• soy

Part 2 of 8: Symptoms

Symptoms of food allergies may range from mild to severe and they may come on suddenly or develop over several hours.

Because a person's immune system may react to a very small amount of the allergen, food allergies are particularly dangerous and potentially life threatening, especially if breathing is affected. Because of this, people with asthma are at an increased risk for a fatal allergic reaction to food.

Mild symptoms related to a food allergy may include:

• sneezing
• stuffy or runny nose
• itchy, watery eyes
• swelling
• rash
• stomach cramps
• diarrhea

Severe symptoms of an allergic reaction to food are:

• difficulty breathing, including wheezing
• swelling of the lips, tongue or throat
• hives (an itchy, blotchy and raised rash)
• dizziness or faintness
• nausea or vomiting

Part 3 of 8: Milk

A milk allergy is a reaction to whey or casein, the proteins found in cow's milk. It’s not the same as lactose intolerance. Milk allergies have been studied more than any other food allergy.

The bad news is that children with milk allergies are much more likely to develop allergic reactions to other foods including eggs, soy, and peanuts.

Most children with milk allergies also develop one or more other atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, or eczema.

Part 4 of 8: Egg

Egg allergies occur most often in children and usually resolve at a very young age. However some people may remain allergic to eggs for their entire lives.

A person may be allergic to a certain protein in either the yolk or the egg whites. A person with an allergy to the egg yolk may be able to tolerate egg whites and vice versa.  Some people are allergic to both.

Part 5 of 8: Peanut

Children with peanut allergies rarely grow out of their sensitivity to peanuts, so a peanut allergy is usually a lifelong disorder. Because of this, peanut allergies are particularly serious. Accidental exposure can occur at any time during a person's life. Though rare, a peanut allergy may result in anaphylaxis. This is a severe allergic reaction that can restrict breathing or cause cardiac arrest. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention in the form of a shot of epinephrine (EpiPen). A patient should be watched for several hours after the shot to make sure symptoms don’t return.

Part 6 of 8: Others

Less is known about soy and wheat allergies than the more common allergies discussed above. Likewise, little is known about fish, shellfish, and tree nut allergies except that, like a peanut allergy, they are generally lifelong disorders.

Part 7 of 8: Diagnosis

Food allergies are usually diagnosed depending on the severity of symptoms.

If a patient's symptoms are mild, a doctor may recommend keeping a food diary to record all of the foods you eat or drink to pinpoint the culprit. Another way to diagnose a mild food allergy is to remove certain foods from the diet and then slowly reintroduce them to find out if symptoms return.

In the case of more severe allergies, skin or blood tests can identify egg, milk, nut, and shellfish allergies.

Part 8 of 8: Treatment

As with other types of allergies, avoidance is most often the best medicine. Anyone with a food allergy should be careful when purchasing food at a supermarket or restaurant to make sure there are no traces of the allergen in a food or meal.

Milder symptoms may not require any treatment at all, or a simple over-the-counter antihistamine may resolve the symptoms.

For more serious allergic reactions, a doctor may prescribe steroid medications. Steroids may have serious side effects and shouldn't be used for more than a few days at a time.

Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/common-food-allergies#Diagnosis7

防過敏 別花冤枉錢

台灣過敏兒人數逐年攀升，每3人就有2人過敏！為減緩孩童過敏症狀，許多家長花錢購買防蟎家具、空氣清淨機、保健食品等照護產品。不過，台大醫院小兒過敏免疫風濕科主任楊曜旭醫師表示，由於每個人的過敏原不同，如果該產品未對症改善，再厲害的東西也沒用。

台灣過敏氣喘免疫及風濕病醫學會在今年3到4月，針對500多個家中有3到12歲過敏兒的家庭，進行「兒童過敏照護，爸媽認知大調查」線上調查。

根據調查發現，有超過一半的家長對過敏兒照護認知錯誤，不知道過敏是全身性疾病，且在症狀嚴重時才就醫治療。

值得一提的是，9成以上家長會購買緩解過敏症狀的產品，如防塵防蟎寢具、空氣清淨機、保健食品等，擔心孩童因環境造成嚴重過敏。楊曜旭說，過敏是體內免疫細胞反應太強所致，但若過度保護孩童，讓他處在一塵不染的環境，便不易產生對抗外在病菌侵入抗體反應，使得過敏症狀更加嚴重。而且，每個人的過敏原不同，產品也無法對症改善。

台灣過敏氣喘免疫及風濕病醫學會理事長葉國偉提到，打噴嚏、流鼻水、鼻塞、皮膚乾癢、眼睛紅腫等，是孩童過敏的常見症狀，若家長能在第一時間發現孩童過敏，例如最常見的異位性皮膚炎，並至兒童過敏專科針對全身的過敏進行整體評估與治療，降低孩童因過敏而影響成長發育。

很多家長擔心孩童長期服用藥物會影響健康，葉國偉解釋，過敏藥物是針對每個人的情況不同而開立，並不會對健康造成影響；反而是針對個別症狀至各科就診，不但未能根本治療，而且容易因藥物重複、衍生其他問題。

資訊來源: 

http://udn.com/news/story/7266/874081-%E9%98%B2%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F-%E5%88%A5%E8%8A%B1%E5%86%A4%E6%9E%89%E9%8C%A2

你有季節性過敏嗎 九件事要注意

【大紀元2015年04月30日訊】（大紀元記者林文綜合報導）季節性過敏讓你很難過嗎？你可能怪罪環境中的花草樹木或空氣品質。最近美國的哮喘和過敏症基金會的專家建議，當你開始打噴嚏、咳嗽、發癢、氣喘時，檢查一下自己，有些平常看似無害的日常習慣或事務，它可能是造成你的症狀更加惡化的重要因素。 

花粉類蛋白質

你可能因為吃某些水果，造成你打噴嚏和流鼻水，這就是所謂的口腔過敏綜合症（OAS）。專家估計花粉過敏症患者的三分之一可能會發生。水果包括蘋果、西紅柿和哈密瓜等等。吃這些水果的結果，其中的蛋白質對你身體而言，就像吃了花粉一樣，會觸發過敏的反應。水果去皮對症狀減少有幫助，研究表明罹患口腔過敏綜合症的人，約2％會有致命的危險。

壓力

壓力越大的人，越容易出現流鼻涕的症狀。最近有一項針對壓力與花粉症關係的研究，結果179人中，處於高度壓力的人，在28天的觀察週期內，有64％出現流鼻涕症狀四次以上。這時最好想辦法冷靜下來，幫助自己放鬆才能減輕症狀，越急你的症狀往往會更惡化。

隱形眼鏡

當花粉過敏的季節到來時，你可能認為戴隱形眼鏡有保護眼睛的作用。軟性隱形眼鏡很容易吸收空氣中的刺激物，如花粉或煙霧，因為柔軟的鏡片會讓更多的氧氣通過，花粉也滲透得多。為了避免花粉堆積，軟性隱形眼鏡每日至少拋棄一次，硬性隱形眼鏡較不易被花粉滲透。

味道

任何添加的香味都會刺激眼瞼和鼻腔，包括香水、薰香或香味蠟燭。日常環境中這些東西只能儘量避免。游游泳內的氯氣，也是過敏源之一，因為氯是一種刺激性氣體。越是密閉的小空間味道影響越大。

酒精

酒精也會觸發過敏，特別是紅酒，其中所含的亞硫酸鹽容易發生過敏。這些天然化合物存在於啤酒和葡萄酒中。一項研究表明，女性每週喝超過14杯紅酒，可能發展成永久鼻塞的風險，比很少喝的人多了78％。

個人衛生

羊毛衫容易沾染灰塵和花粉，在過敏季節最好每一次穿後都清洗乾淨。衣櫃用熱水擦洗，對過敏原的減少有幫助。花粉不僅是附著你的衣服、皮膚和頭髮，它還會存在空氣中。睡前洗澡洗頭有助於清除身體的過敏原，早晨淋浴也很好，出門前至少要梳理頭髮和洗臉，減少過敏原。

煙草

煙草對人造成的過敏問題有二項，煙草和二手煙。一項研究表明，同時接觸到煙草和二手煙這兩個過敏源，引發過敏的風險比清潔空氣高16.6倍。

天氣

天氣乾燥，風和日麗的天氣對過敏患者最不好，因為樹木釋放的花粉隨風飄散。陰雨天的弱降水，激起花粉的微小顆粒分散在空氣中導致過敏。風雨交加對過敏患者是最友好的，在空氣中的花粉被大雨沖洗下來。

吃錯藥

過敏藥大約分成兩類：抗組胺藥和抗充血劑，臨床有幾十種藥物可供選擇，都聲稱可治好鼻涕和噴嚏。但使用這些非處方藥最好明瞭你的症狀。抗組胺藥通常減輕打噴嚏、發癢、流鼻涕，抗充血劑可以減緩腫脹的鼻腔。如果是鼻塞只需要使用抗充血劑，過度使用對身體健康反而有害。

過敏症是身體的免疫系統對某些過敏源產生過度的反應，無法避免過敏源時只好使用藥物來舒緩，但用藥後若有睡意或影響警覺性，則應特別小心。服用抗過敏藥物前，最好徵詢醫生。

資訊來源:  http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/15/4/30/n4423841.htm

人氣保養品害過敏？ 美魔安遭網路霸凌！

藝人楊又穎之前遭網路霸凌，導致承受不住壓力，因而走上絕路，讓網路匿名霸凌歪風，正式引起社會關住討論，但似乎楊又穎事件，沒有讓這些躲在螢幕背後的人，有任何絲毫的反省。現在又有臉書社團，針對前陣子知名網路美妝品牌美魔安，產品標示不清的事件，在社團PO出了7千多篇的文章攻擊，甚至還有人留言如果美魔安因此輕生了，他保證社團中的任何成員，沒有一個人會因此後悔心痛。

7千多篇的霸凌文章，幾乎都是對人不對事的人身攻擊，惡毒言語簡直不堪入目，這讓美魔安老闆娘陳谷倩受到極大的打擊，疑似身心俱疲之下，導致懷孕8周的胚胎因此流產，之後甚至多次企圖輕身。

不忍太太承受如此惡毒的言語攻擊，身為丈夫的張元培，決定站出來，捍衛太太的尊嚴，更希望網路霸凌的這股歪風可以停止，別再逼任何人走上絕路！

資訊來源: http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20150429003423-260401

治過敏無需花大錢！改變飲食習慣最重要

（優活健康網記者張瓊之／綜合報導）「吃這個也癢、吃那個不行」這是許多過敏體質患者的心聲，也因此經常讓他們苦不堪言，不知道該如何改善！對此，醫師表示，若想改善過敏疾病，生活習慣的改變比吃藥更重要，其實只要用對方法，治療不一定要花大錢，另外，在飲食上也要杜絕所有的加工品，適量攝取維生素D，也能助於改善過敏體質。

慢性蕁麻疹找不出原因　恐是免疫功能出了問題

大林慈濟醫院過敏科吳政翰醫師表示，一般來說皮膚過敏分為蕁麻疹、異位性皮膚炎、接觸性皮膚炎，多數的皮膚過敏都會有搔癢的症狀，其中慢性蕁麻疹，常在一段時間內每天發作，通常找不到過敏原，這時就想想是不是免疫功能出了問題，因為有些慢性蕁麻疹和外界刺激有關，如抓、壓、冷、熱等，所以，患者可透過抽血檢查確認免疫功能，並吃藥控制。

飲食療法維持三週　助於改善蕁麻疹體質

對於有蕁麻疹困擾的民眾醫師也提供一套飲食療法，若能維持三個星期以上，有助調整體質，約有三分之一的患者可以藉此改善過敏症狀，其中有5點民眾要特別注意，且在飲食挑選上，不要只根據過敏原檢測結果來選擇食物，不但影響營養均衡，且對疾病沒有幫助。

1）不要吃含有食品添加物的加工食品。

2）肉類可以放心食用，但海鮮則要適量。

3）雖然可以喝茶，但不要喝咖啡、果汁。

4）水果中西瓜、梨子最安全，但番茄、草莓、櫻桃因含較高的柳酸，容易加重過敏體質，建議不要食用。

5）蔬菜多數沒問題，但菠菜、茄子、南瓜及菇類適量即可。

別在有迷思了！健康食品根本無法治過敏

最後，醫師要提醒民眾，有許多人都會有吃健康食品來改善過敏迷思，但以目前的研究來說，紛紛認為吃益生菌對於多數人來說是無效，而魚油也幫助不大，唯獨維他命D確實有幫助，除了透過曬太陽自然產生維他命D外，也可以適量攝取補充。

此外，若是父母都有過敏，子女有高達8成的機會也會遺傳過敏症狀，建議從小為孩子營造調整體質的環境，包括避開二手菸、空氣污染的環境，與其他孩子共處，對免疫系統的正常發育很有幫助。

資訊來源: http://n.yam.com/uho/healthy/20150429/20150429002716.html