Gluten Allergies Food List: What to Avoid & What to Eat - 麩質過敏食物清單：怎麼避免和吃什麼

If you have a gluten allergy, it's important to know what foods contain gluten. Learn about what foods contain gluten for those with a gluten allergy.

Part 1 of 6: Overview
A gluten allergy is the body's inability to digest or break down the gluten protein found in wheat and certain other grains. Gluten intolerance (also known as a gluten sensitivity) can range from a mild sensitivity to gluten to full-blown celiac disease. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, about one out of every 133 Americans has celiac disease. This is a severe autoimmune disorder in which a person's immune system attacks gluten, if consumed, in the small intestine.

Part 2 of 6: Causes of Gluten Allergy
Although the exact cause of gluten intolerance is unknown, most theories revolve around changes in the way that wheat is grown and processed. One theory states that wheat is higher in gluten than it once was because it makes bread "springier" and easier to slice. Another possible cause is the way wheat is grown at a higher rate — bred to produce higher yields or to make it disease-resistant.

For those with celiac disease, gluten intolerance is not just an inconvenience — it can be debilitating. In such cases, you must not eat any foods containing gluten. Gluten can cause long-term damage to your small intestine, and may result in nutritional deficiencies. Currently there are no known cures or effective treatments for celiac disease. Diet is still the most effective “cure” and preventative measure.

A simple blood test that measures levels of antibodies associated with celiac disease can reveal if you have the condition. However, tests for gluten intolerance often come back negative. This may cause you to believe it’s okay to eat gluten, even though it may lead to symptoms such as fatigue or irritability.

Part 3 of 6: What to Avoid
Wheat is one of the main staples of a Western diet and is public enemy number one for those with a gluten allergy.

In addition to pure wheat, all of its forms are also off-limits. This includes:
wheat starch
wheat bran
wheat germ
couscous
cracked wheat
durum
einkorn
emmer
farina
faro
fu (common in Asian foods)
gliadin
graham flour
kamut
matzo
semolina
spelt

The list of gluten-containing grains doesn't end at wheat. Other offenders are:
barley
bulgur
oats (oats themselves don't contain gluten, but are often processed in plants that produce gluten-containing grains and may be contaminated)
rye
seitan
triticale and Mir (a cross between wheat and rye)
Gluten may also show up as ingredients in barley malt, chicken broth, malt vinegar, some salad dressings, veggie burgers (if not specified gluten-free), and soy sauce. The protein may even hide in many common seasonings and spice mixes.

Part 4 of 6: What to Eat
The list of off-limit items may seem daunting at first. Thankfully, there are plenty of replacements on the menu. Lots of foods are naturally gluten-free, including:
fruits and vegetables
beans
seeds
legumes
nuts
potatoes
eggs
dairy products
corn
rice
fish
lean beef
chicken

Many other grains and foods are gluten free as well:
amaranth
arrowroot
buckwheat
cassava
millet
quinoa
rice
sorghum
soy
tapioca

It may seem daunting to go gluten-free at first. But for many, the advantages far outweigh the inconvenience. The first step is to get rid of all the gluten-containing products in your kitchen and stock it with alternatives such as gluten-free breads, pasta, crackers, and cereals. For baking, use substitute flours. These can include:
buckwheat
corn
millet
rice
sorghum
quinoa

You'll need xanthan gum or guar gum as a substitute for gluten when baking. Stick to unprocessed, fresh, whole foods to naturally stay gluten-free.

Read More: Try these gluten-free desserts

Part 5 of 6: Eating Out
Eating at restaurants can be particularly challenging when considering a gluten allergy, but this doesn’t mean you can’t ever dine out. You should be able to dodge the gluten bullet if you stick with the same types of items you eat at home, such as grilled meats and steamed vegetables.

Foods to avoid in restaurants include fried foods, certain sauces, or anything that has been fried in the same pan with a gluten-containing food.

Celiac disease requires extra caution when eating out. Make sure that dietary restrictions are communicated to the chef in advance. Certain restaurants are almost certainly out of question for those on a gluten-free diet, including fast food restaurants, buffets, salad bars, and most bakeries. On the flipside, some establishments, such as vegetarian restaurants, cater to the gluten-free diet.

Part 6 of 6: Outlook
If you have celiac disease, being gluten-free is essential for your health. A gluten-free diet may seem too challenging to deal with, but with time — and a bit of effort — it can become second nature. If you can, start off gradually, so you can get used to going gluten-free. For example, you might try one completely gluten-free meal per day and gradually add more meals until gluten is completely out of your diet. Also, a gluten-free diet is easier if you shop at stores and eat at restaurants that cater to your dietary needs. If you want complete control (and guarantee that your food is gluten-free), cooking from scratch is the easiest way to avoid gluten. Discuss any specific dietary considerations with a doctor or nutritionist.

Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/gluten-food-list#WhattoEat4

益生菌知多少？

說到「益生菌」(probiotics)，有些人只會想到益力多，或想到乳酪。其實，什麼叫益生菌？ 根據世衛定義，益生菌是「一些微生物，當適量的進入人體內，會對健康產生好處」。人類對益生菌的興趣，早到公元前已有出現，傳統的發酵食品和奶類，就是含益生菌的食品。時至今日，益生菌的魅力未減，由於香港人生活忙碌，腸胃健康日差，市面上越來越多益生菌的產品，大家對這種保健品的興趣增加。在選購之前，大家應該先了解以下益生菌的基本知識，以免被商業宣傳誤導。

益生菌、益生原、合生元是甚麼?

　當你仔細一看益生菌產品的盒子，都不難發現一些複雜的菌名。益生菌分為兩類，分別是乳酸桿菌 (Lactobacillus) 及雙歧桿菌 (Bifidobacterium)，每類菌再細分為不同品種，由兩個拉丁文構成名稱，例如最常見的嗜酸乳酸桿菌 (Lactobacillus Acidophilus)和分歧雙歧桿菌 (Bifidobacterium bifidum)。還有一些根本不屬於細菌(bacteria)，但仍是常見的益生菌，如布拉酵母菌 (Saccharomyces boulardii)，是一種酵母菌 (yeast)，要特製為膠囊方可服用。除了益生菌，還有所謂「益生原」(prebiotics)，益生原是一些不能消化的食物原素 (如FOS)，在腸道內可以選擇性刺激益生菌生長。若兩者配合一起使用，稱為「合生元」(synbiotics)。

　「到底吃益生菌是否只會幫助腸胃暢通？」在我執業的經驗來看，很多本地人、內地人都對益生菌不認識。從科學角度說明益生菌的功效，據2005年在美國由NCCAM舉行的大會討論結果，益生菌治療肚瀉的功效享有最高實證，尤其是由輪狀病毒引起的肚瀉，以嬰兒最常見；此外，益生菌在預防和治療女性尿道炎和陰道炎、改善腸易激綜合症、對付由服用抗生素引起的肚瀉，甚至預防小兒濕疹等方面，都被證實有一定功效。有醫生更建議孕婦服食益生菌，減低將來小兒患濕疹的機會。
 

益生菌活性是關鍵

　既然益生菌有用，那吃什麼產品才好？吃乳酪有用嗎？雖然乳酪是發酵食品，含益生菌，但活性如何是未知之數。在美國，乳酪生產商可進行「發酵後加熱處理」，此舉會殺死產品內大多數微生物。雖然政府部門會檢驗乳酪包裝時的活性微生物含量，每克超過108乳酸菌才會發認證，但作為發酵原材料的細菌也計算其中，它們不是益菌，吃了沒用。由藥廠製造的益生菌製劑，所含的活性益菌數量就有保證多了。

　不同菌種的功效有不同的科學實證，對我們選擇產品有一些提示。洛德乳酸菌(Lactobacillus reuteri) 有超過50份臨床報告支持，是最多臨床實證支持的菌種，科研發現它能改善嬰兒腸胃炎肚瀉、腸絞痛及預防濕疹；改善成人胃氣及消化不良、偶發性便秘或肚瀉、乳糖不耐、服用抗生素後的不適等。雷諾氏乳酸菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus) 及嗜酸乳酸桿菌 (Lactobacillus acidophilus) 也有科學實證支持其減低小兒肚瀉的功效。製劑方面，除了傳統膠囊及粉末外，個別品牌的益菌製劑採用咀嚼片方式，不會被胃酸、膽汁殺死，活性令人滿意；亦有臨床數據證明孕婦及初生嬰兒都可服食，安全性高。關於購買和使用益生菌的詳情，可向藥劑師查詢。

資訊來源: http://hkhselderly.com/tc/health/question/275

Are Probiotics Effective for Ulcerative Colitis? - 益生菌能有效治療潰瘍性結腸炎？

Ulcerative Colitis and Bacteria
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine that causes bloody diarrhea, cramping, and bloating. The disease has an unusual course in that it is relapsing and remitting. There will be times that the disease is quiet and then it will flare up, causing symptoms. Standard medical treatment has two components: keeping the flare-ups from happening and treating the active flare-up when it occurs. Active flare-ups are often treated with corticosteroids like prednisone. For long-term maintenance, however, doctors and patients prefer drugs other than steroids. While the precise cause of ulcerative colitis is not known, it is believed to be related to problems with the immune system in the gut.1 In fact, current theories hold that an imbalance of gut bacterial flora (normal, healthy bacterial content of the bowel) may exacerbate the disease.2 

Can Probiotics Stop a Flare-up of Ulcerative Colitis?
Recently, a group of researchers collected and reviewed all the clinical studies that examined probiotics for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis—in a report called a systematic review—and found that probiotics do not shorten the duration of a flare-up when added to regular treatment. The researchers reviewed studies on several different types of probiotics and found that none was able to induce remission faster than placebo or no treatment.3 Likewise, no preparation of probiotics was able to resolve the clinical symptoms of the disease faster than people not taking probiotics, the control group. Interestingly, ulcerative colitis patients taking probiotics reported fewer and less-severe symptoms during the flare-up, according to this review of studies. In other words, while probiotics did not end the flare-up faster, the severity of symptoms was not as bad in patients taking probiotics. 

Are Probiotics a Useful Ulcerative Colitis Maintenance Treatment?
Some clinical studies have shown that probiotics may be as effective as traditional ulcerative colitis medications, including the gold-standard treatment mesalazine. German researchers followed a group of 327 patients with a history of ulcerative colitis, giving half of them the standard drug mesalazine and the other half probiotics (namely Escherichia coli Nissle 1917). After one year of treatment, the average time to remission was the same in both groups and the quality of remission (time without a flare-up) was the same in both groups.4 Similar results were seen in other studies. 5 Another probiotic, Lactobacillus GG, may also be helpful in sustaining remission in ulcerative colitis. 1

What Are the Potential Drawbacks of Probiotics?
So far, no serious side effects have been associated with prolonged use of probiotics in ulcerative colitis. In a systematic review of studies, the rate of side effects was the same in probiotics users as in those taking mesalazine.6 However, as these agents are cultures of living bacteria, caution should be used in patients with compromised immune systems (such as those on long-term corticosteroids). Generally speaking, the potential benefits of probiotics over traditional pharmacological interventions for ulcerative colitis are that they are potentially less expensive and possibly safer over long periods. They may also protect against other diseases of the bowel including Clostridium difficile colitis, travelers’ diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with prolonged use of antibiotics.

Probiotics are probably not useful in inducing a faster remission during a flare-up of ulcerative colitis, however, the preparations of healthy bacteria may make the symptoms less severe. Probiotics may be helpful in increasing the time between flare-ups. This benefit may be even more impressive when added to standard maintenance therapy. While probiotics are generally free of serious adverse events (side effects), it is important to consult with your physician before adding probiotics to your ulcerative colitis treatment regimen. This is especially important if you have a compromised immune system or are on high-dose corticosteroids. 

Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/ulcerative-colitis-take-control-probiotics#2

10個常見的異位性皮膚炎疑問

1.這樣算是異位性皮膚炎嗎？

異位性皮膚炎是一種反覆瘙癢的皮膚炎，皮膚可能出現紅斑/脫屑/苔蘚化的症狀，

好發在嬰兒期/小兒期，最常出現在臉頰，額頭，脖子，耳朵後方，四肢外側。

比較特殊的是，包尿布的地方反而不受影響。而隨著發病年齡不同，好發的部位也會有所變化。

由於極度的瘙癢，有時候會抓道傷口流血流湯。

如果自己或家族，曾有過敏性鼻炎/氣喘/異位性皮膚炎等病史，就更有可能是異位性皮膚炎。

確定的病況還是需要尋找免疫科/皮膚科醫師就診。



2.異位性皮膚炎是一種過敏嗎？

過敏，是細胞對外來過敏原的免疫反應。反應在呼吸道叫氣喘，反應在皮膚就叫異位性皮膚炎。

異位性皮膚炎最忌抓，越抓越癢越抓越嚴重，

而日本氣候又比台灣更乾燥一些，所以日本的異位性皮膚炎比例比台灣高。



3.異位性皮膚炎會傳染嗎？

有些小朋友以為誤認為異位性皮膚炎是一種皮膚病，會傳染，而讓孩子在同儕之間產生自卑。

其實異位性皮膚炎是一種過敏的反應，他不會傳染。

但就因為是體質的過敏，所以是有可能會遺傳的。



4.要怎麼知道對誰過敏嗎？

異位性皮膚炎的患者中，容易產生過敏反應的食物有：蝦，蟹，蛋白，牛奶，花生，核果，小麥，柑橘，堅果，塵蟎，美國蟑螂，黴菌，貓/狗毛等等。

如果一般生活已經可以瞭解並控制過敏原，則不需要特別去做過敏原檢測。

如果對自己的過敏原仍然是無法抓的準，那麼做過敏原檢測或許是個方法。

不過有些人檢測對蛋過敏，但是吃了10年都沒事，

所以觀察自己身體的變化，比檢測的數據來的更重要喔！



5.過敏原會變嗎？

過敏會隨著誘發的因子，產生的症狀而漸漸演變，

所以有可能小時候的接觸的過敏原會誘發過敏反應，

但長大了之後，誘發因子過敏的因子就有所改變了。



6.異位性皮膚炎可以根治嗎？

有些人的異位性皮膚炎在1歲前發病，青春期不藥而癒。也有人的異位性皮膚炎是長大後才發病。

小兒科醫生說，每個人發病惡化的曲線都不一樣，沒辦法說幾歲以前一定會好。

不過這時候更是不能急病亂投醫，只要找對方法細心控制，還是能過一般正常的生活喔！



7.為什麼新生嬰兒會有異位性皮膚炎？

由於懷孕過程中嬰兒與母體之間的化學變化，使得新生兒剛出生的時候，其第二型Ｔ細胞的比例較高。

加上媽媽在懷孕的時候，很多食物會透過胎盤進到小朋友身上，讓小朋友產生過敏的因子。

在新生兒的免疫細胞(Ｔ細胞第一型與第二型)比例還沒有平衡之前，過敏的反應就會比較嚴重。

要等小朋友長大一點，第一型與第二型免疫細胞維持平衡之後，自身的免疫體質才會越來越好。



8.為何長大自然會好？有黃金治療時期嗎？

異位性皮膚炎的照護，在1歲～-1歲半以前，著重「吃」的照顧，因為吃會造成皮膚的症狀。

而2歲以後，著重「抓」的照護，因為2歲以後就天天抓。抓了以後就變成惡性循環。

如果小朋友出生就有異位性皮膚炎，

治療的黃金期是1.5歲以前，經過飲食控制治療好，就比較不會有問題。



9.長大以後還會復發嗎？

青春期或成年之後，仍飽受異位性皮膚炎困擾，可能是因為壓力，生活作息，情緒刺激等原因。

由於異位性皮膚炎是一種慢性病，需要長時間治療與配合，才能控制得當。



10.平常要怎麼照護異位性皮膚炎的肌膚？

由於異位性皮膚炎的皮膚乾燥，乾又會引發出癢，因此隨時補充皮膚的水分很重要。

而癢，就要戒抓！搔抓會造成皮膚的損傷，水份的滲出隨之而來，就可能引發病毒/細菌感染。

遠離過敏原-不論是環境類的或是飲食類，減少過敏原對身體的刺激，降低過敏反應。

資訊來源: http://www.questclear.com/qc/blog/view?t=atd&id=632

過敏性鼻炎

過敏性鼻炎又稱變應性鼻炎，是一種吸入外界過敏性抗原而引起的以鼻癢、打嚏、流涕等為主要症狀的疾病。由於過敏原呈季節性的增減或持續存在，本病的發病呈季節性或常年性。

典型症狀

1. 噴嚏：每天數次陣發性發作，每次多於3個，多在晨起或者夜晚或接觸過敏原後立刻發作。
2. 清涕：大量清水樣鼻涕，有時可不自覺從鼻孔滴下。
3. 鼻塞：間歇或持續，單側或雙側，輕重程度不一。
4. 鼻癢：大多數患者鼻內發癢。

預防

1. 找出自己對什麼東西過敏，將其去除，包括塵蟎、花粉、寵物、食物、傢俱等。
2. 若是對塵蟎過敏，一定要注意家居衛生，保持室內清潔無塵以減少塵蟎，用吸塵器清潔屋子。
3. 若是對花粉過敏，應該在花粉傳播季節儘量少出門，關閉門窗。即使出門也一定要做好防護措施，比如戴口罩。
4. 病人最好不要接觸和餵養寵物，以防止過敏。
5. 儘量不要吃易引起過敏的食物。如魚虾、雞蛋、牛奶、面粉、花生、大豆等

資訊來源: http://www.ift.edu.mo/TW/allergic-rhinitis/Home/Index/963

Food Allergy vs. Sensitivity: What’s the Difference? - 食物過敏與敏感：有什麼區別？

Overview
Gluten-free, dairy-free, nut-free…specialized diets are everywhere you look. But not everyone with special dietary needs has the same reaction to their offending foods. What’s the difference between being allergic to a food and being sensitive or intolerant to it?

The key difference between a food allergy and sensitivity is the body’s response. When you have an allergy, your immune system gets involved. If you have a sensitivity or intolerance, the reaction is largely triggered in the digestive system.

Food Sensitivities
Food sensitivities and intolerances are far more common than food allergies, according to the British Allergy Foundation. Neither involves the immune system. Either a food triggers an intolerance in your digestive tract, where your body is unable to properly break it down, or the body reacts to a food you are sensitive to. For example, milk intolerance is where your body is unable to break down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Or if you are sensitive to histamines, you may get headaches after you eat foods that contain histamines.

You may be sensitive or intolerant to a food for a variety of reasons, including:

not having the right enzymes you need to digest a certain food
reactions to food additives like sulfites or artificial colors
psychological factors, like an extreme dislike of certain foods
pharmacological factors, like sensitivity to caffeine or other chemicals
sensitivity to the toxins naturally found in certain raw legumes like lima beans
The symptoms of intolerance are all digestive-related and can include: gas and bloating, diarrhea, constipation, cramping, or nausea. Symptoms of food sensitivity vary.

Food Allergies
Your immune system is your body’s defense against invaders — whether bacteria or the common cold virus. You have a food allergy when your immune system identifies a protein in what you eat as an invader. It reacts by producing antibodies to fight it.

“A food allergy is an immune-mediated reaction to the food,” explains Farzan. “The most common type of food allergy is an Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reaction. IgEs are allergic antibodies which cause an immediate reaction due to release of chemicals, such as histamine, from mast cells.” 

Unlike a food intolerance or sensitivity, food allergies can be fatal. In extreme cases, ingesting or even touching a small amount of the allergen can produce an intense reaction.

Symptoms of food allergy include:

skin reactions, like hives, swelling, and itching
anaphylaxis, including difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, and, ultimately, death
digestive symptoms

The Difference in Symptoms
Symptoms of food intolerance include gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, cramping, and nausea.

Symptoms of food allergy include hives, swelling, itching, anaphylaxis, and dizziness.

Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/allergies/food-allergy-sensitivity-difference#FoodAllergies3

幼兒食物過敏急救方

食物過敏的影響主要在於皮膚、胃腸道及呼吸道。當家長在用餐中或後，發現孩子出現如下述的異常症狀時，就要提高警覺，孩子有可能是食物過敏了！

◎    皮膚方面：「急性蕁麻疹」為最常見的臨床表現，包括手腳、臉、全身皮膚起疹、發癢，嘴唇紅腫、眼睛癢、眼睛浮腫等。

◎    胃腸道方面：常見的症狀為肚子痛、拉肚子、噁心、嘔吐等。

◎    呼吸道方面：包括流鼻水、鼻炎、打噴嚏、喉嚨不適及聲音沙啞等，過敏嚴重時，甚至出現喉頭水腫，覺得呼吸困難。


您可以先這樣做──食物過敏急救方
當孩子出現的過敏狀況不算嚴重，或是在送醫院的途中時，有幾個急救方可以先減緩孩子的不適感，耕莘醫院新店總院小兒科主治醫師傅承偉表示，若家中有孩子之前治療流鼻水的藥物（即抗組織胺藥物），可以先讓孩子服用，服用的劑量則和治療流鼻水的劑量相同，可以幫助緩和孩子過敏的症狀。

另外，若孩子因皮膚紅疹而搔癢不斷時，可在局部使用濕疹藥膏或金貝比痱子膏（一般家庭常用的藥膏，如小護士、綠油精等，傅承偉醫師認為實際效用不大，不過對孩子來說，可能有心理上的安撫作用），以降下溫度、減少紅腫帶來的不適感。


以前不會過敏，不代表以後也不會
常常有人以為，我吃某樣東西好多次了，都不曾有過敏，怎麼可能現在會突然過敏？新店耕莘醫院營養組組長康甄真提出，越常吃的食物所造成的過敏往往越普遍，例如在日本，對米過敏的人比其他地方多，而在北歐，對鱈魚過敏者也較為常見。

此外，食物過敏也不一定是由食材本身所引起，製作過程中使用的人工食品添加物：如人工色素、防腐劑、氧化劑、香料…等化學物質，都可能是引發食物過敏的兇手！


知識篇：食物過敏的發生與治療
我們在吃東西的時候，也同時把食物中所含的過敏原帶到了胃腸道裡，當這些過敏原突破了胃腸道的屏障，再加上個別體質的差異，便可能引發一連串的免疫反應而造成種種不同的過敏表現。

常見的食物過敏，主要來自於食物中的蛋白質。當這些含有蛋白質的食物經過人體吸收後，會刺激免疫系統、產生免疫球蛋白抗體。如果數量過多，則會活化細胞，使其釋放出組織胺，而讓人產生過敏的現象。

另一種食物過敏，則與免疫系統無關，而是因為人體對某些食物的特殊成分無法適應所引起的。例如有些人吃草莓、巧克力等，會出現皮膚過敏；有些人則對味精敏感；也有些人會因為吃了某些食物而產生偏頭痛。


常見！易造成過敏的食物種類
一般而言，會造成過敏的食物可分為以下幾類：

1.海鮮類：帶殼海鮮如蝦、蟹、貝類及不新鮮的魚，因為不新鮮的魚會釋放組織胺，造成過敏的症狀。

2.含人工食品添加物的食物：如人工色素、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、香料…等，這些化學物質在日常食品中經常可見，如：市售飲料（汽水、果汁、茶…等）、醬菜、醬油、黃色布丁、黃色糖果、五香豆干、牛肉干、各種罐頭食品、泡麵、零食（糖果、餅乾、蜜餞…）等。

3.豆莢類：花生、大豆。

4.核果類：核桃、腰果、杏仁、胡桃。

5.含咖啡因者：巧克力、咖啡、可樂、茶、可可。

6.水果：芒果、草莓、蕃茄、奇異果、水蜜桃、柳丁、橘子、哈密瓜。

7.其他：蛋類、奶類、小麥、殘留農藥的青菜。


食物過敏的治療方法
治療方法有兩種：

1. 去除引起過敏的食物：是主要的治療方法，但如果必須同時去除多種食物，則要考慮營養不足的問題，尤其當對象為小孩時。

2.藥物治療：用於解除食物過敏所引發的種種症狀，使用的藥物包括「抗組織胺」及「類固醇」。「抗組織胺」用於治療蕁麻疹、血管水腫、結膜炎和鼻炎等和組織胺釋放有關的食物過敏反應，一般採用口服方式，狀況較緊急時會使用針劑的抗組織胺。「類固醇」則使用於嚴重過敏反應的暫時性治療。


預防食物過敏再發生的5種方法
1.已經知道自己會過敏的食物就不要吃。

2.不新鮮的魚類食品不要吃。不新鮮的海產，會產生大量組織胺而促成過敏反應，不論有沒有過敏體質，都可能因此產生過敏。

3.吃東西前詳閱食物標示，確認有沒有會引起過敏的成份，有些食品外表看不出來裡面倒底含有哪些成分，一定要注意。

4.六歲以下的幼童約有1～3%對食物過敏，尤其嬰幼兒最多。對牛奶過敏的嬰兒，最好能夠以母乳哺餵。或者在專家的指導下選用低過敏原的水解蛋白配方奶粉。

5.有過敏體質的寶寶，建議在6個月以後再添加副食品。而且每次只讓寶寶嘗試一種新食物，若無不良反應，3～5天後才可以換另一種新的副食品。

資訊來源: http://www.mababy.com/knowledge/article.aspx?aid=69303B59D6A65501