兒童晒出斑？是白糠疹啦！

（優活健康網記者徐平／綜合報導）暑假期間，家長常帶孩子出門遊玩，但夏日戶外豔陽高照，回到家了以後，有家長發現孩子的臉上，嘴巴外側皮膚有一圈白白的，原本以為是因日晒導致膚色不均勻，觀察幾天過後仍感覺有異，到院就診，醫師表示這是好發於兒童、青少年的「白糠疹」。

白斑、脫屑、不痛不癢

衛生福利部南投醫院皮膚科醫師李瑜芬表示，白糠疹是因為皮膚脫色而出現的白色斑塊，伴有脫屑的狀況，不痛不癢也不會傳染，一般多出現在臉部居多，好發於有異位性皮膚炎的兒童以及青少年，出現症狀時時常會誤認為是皮膚癬，一段時間之後會自動消失。

根據自身色素 恢復膚色

白糠疹成因不明，但有一說法是因為紫外線的傷害導致，因孩子的皮膚較薄，容易受到外界的刺激，李瑜芬醫師表示，白糠疹的疾病進展依據孩子自身的色素功能恢復能力，大約幾個月後，脫色班會慢慢的自動消失，隨著年紀增長，也會慢慢改善，家長不必過於擔心，除了平時的防晒，也可以在皮膚上塗抹乳液保濕、修復皮膚。

海島型氣候 易有晒斑

台灣為海島型氣候，高溫又潮濕，夏日除了臉上易有晒斑，汗斑及白斑也是時常出現的症狀，白糠疹與汗斑、白斑的症狀類似，外觀上多呈現白色的斑塊，一般人較不易判斷，因此醫師提醒應做好防晒工作，避免長時間日晒，但因上述的疾病成因不盡相同，治療的方式也不一樣，因此建議民眾應尋求專業的醫師來診斷、安排適當的治療。

來源：http://times.hinet.net/news/19247662

咖啡不提神？這時間喝才有用

如何發揮咖啡最佳提神效果？注意飲用時間是王道。(圖/達志影像/shutterstock提供)

在熬夜趕工、精神不濟時刻，許多人會喝一杯咖啡提神，但事實上，喝咖啡時間是一門學問，美國神經學家分析指出，若要達到最佳提神效果，上午10點半為黃金時間。

根據英國《電訊報》（Telegraph）報導，美國神經學家米勒（Steven Miller）指出，調節人體生理時鐘的的荷爾蒙「皮質醇」，在剛起床的上午8-9點間濃度達顛峰，這時不宜飲用咖啡，提神效果並不顯著。

不過，皮質醇在醒後1小時會逐漸下降，人體會產生困倦感，這時便是飲用咖啡的黃金時間。科學家表示，發揮咖啡最大提神功效的時間，上午10點半是正解。

除了上午8-9點是皮質醇濃度高峰外，米勒也提到，中午至下午1點、下午5點半至6點半，這兩時段亦是皮質醇濃度上升時刻，若要藉咖啡提神，盡量避免在這些時段飲用。

來源：http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20160821001720-260405

Can you outgrow food allergies?

By Mayo Clinic News Network

Eight foods trigger 90 percent of all food allergies. Peanuts and eggs are two of them. The rest are milk, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, soy and wheat.

Children usually outgrow egg and milk allergies as they get older.

Unfortunately, it's much less likely for a child to outgrow a peanut allergy. By school-age, this allergy is resolved in only 20 percent of children. Peanut consumption remains a common cause of allergic reactions in adults.

A child can outgrow his food allergies if and when his body begins to suppress the production of a protein called immunoglobulin E (IgE). The immune system releases this protein when it mistakenly identifies a food substance, such as peanuts and eggs, as something harmful. IgE suppression is key to gaining tolerance for foods that have previously caused an allergic reaction.

There are other factors that can affect the likelihood of a child outgrowing his allergies. These include the severity of his reactions, how many foods he's allergic to, and how old he was when he had his first reaction.

Source: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/food-allergy/expert-answers/can-you-outgrow-food-allergies/faq-20088160/

http://www.wesh.com/marketplace/allergy/can-you-outgrow-food-allergies/33509430

日照補足維生素D 降低過敏疾病發生

(健康醫療網／記者張玉櫻報導)

根據長庚醫院在2007年基隆地區調查了1315位5～8歲的學童，發現有半數學童都有維生素D不足問題，與基隆地區的日照時數偏少有關。汐止國泰綜合醫院小兒科主治醫師黃永賢指出，就算在日照時數充足地區，臺灣爸媽普遍不喜歡讓嬰幼兒曬太陽，在早上或下午陽光不強時間，把嬰兒放在嬰兒車推到戶外，嬰兒車的罩子依然罩緊緊，造成嬰兒有維生素D不足的潛在風險。

維生素D對兒童的重要性

維生素D在兒童身上，除了幫助骨頭發育外，在先天性免疫啟動也扮演重要角色。維生素D缺乏較容易被病毒或者肺結核感染。嬰兒出生以後，很多免疫功能才逐漸成熟，維生素D成為不可或缺的元素。

維生素D缺乏與過敏疾病有關

近年研究發現，維生素D可降低過敏反應。黃永賢醫師示，維生素D缺乏，很可能較容易有異位性皮膚炎、過敏性鼻炎以及氣喘等過敏疾病。某些自體免疫疾病，如多發性硬化症、第一型糖尿病、類風溼性關節炎、紅斑性狼瘡、克隆氏症和潰瘍性大腸炎，可能都與維生素D缺乏有一些關係。

我的小孩缺乏維生素D嗎？

如果孩童平常接受日照時間不足，飲食又不均衡，確實可能有維生素D缺乏的風險。家長可能又會問，我小孩有過敏是不是維生素D也缺乏？黃永賢醫師指出，過敏疾病形成機制很複雜，必須本身有過敏體質加上環境中過敏原的反覆刺激而逐漸形成。維生素D缺乏只是可能較容易有過敏疾病，但並不是過敏疾病的主因。所以，有過敏的小孩除了接受藥物治療外，只要注意維持維生素D的足夠即可。

如何讓孩童有足夠的維生素D？

陽光照射在人體皮膚上，即可促進維生素D合成。黃永賢醫師建議在早上和下午的時間，接受日照10～15鐘，以得到足夠的維生素D。另外，隔著玻璃窗戶曬太陽也沒有用，因為玻璃會把陽光中幫助維生素D合成的光線阻隔掉。小於4個月的嬰兒，如果是餵食純母乳，由於母乳中不像配方奶有特別添加較多的維生素D，所以更需要接受足夠的陽光。較大的孩子除了陽光照射外，飲食中深海魚類如鮭魚和鯖魚等，富含維生素D，可以增加攝取。

來源：http://times.hinet.net/news/19240717

原來光吃益生菌不夠？6種成分一次補齊吸收力加倍

腸道不暢百病生！腸道是消化器官，也是人體最大的免疫器官，一旦腸道「卡卡」，人就容易生病，甚至可能提高大腸癌的風險。為了維持健康，現代人風靡吃益生菌保健腸道，但人體機能運作複雜，光吃益生菌可能還不夠，仍需仰賴乳酸、寡糖、必需胺基酸等6大養分的配合，更有助人體吸收，盡力發揮保腸的效果。

乳酸菌只是益生菌的其中一種！

益生菌是指「對宿主有益健康的微生物」，菌如其名，對人體只有益處、沒有壞處。人體內的益生菌數以億計，陣容相當龐大，而一般人朗朗上口的乳酸菌，所佔比例最大，卻仍只是眾多益生菌種類中的一種。

平衡腸道菌叢生態　關鍵在「競爭排除」

人體腸道是個龍蛇雜處的環境，有好菌，當然也有大腸桿菌、金黃素葡萄球菌、沙門桿氏菌等壞菌。若要保持腸道健康，根本之道就是平衡好壞菌的菌叢生態。

一旦壞菌太多，容易導致便祕、腹瀉、消化不良或肚子痛，因此需要透過飲食補充益生菌，讓益生菌進入腸道並產生菌叢，在腸道「卡位」、大量繁殖，藉由競爭排除的方式，讓病原菌沒有機會附著於腸道、在腸道中作威作福，進而達到抑制病原菌生長、保健腸道的效果。

保健腸道！多元菌種符合多數人體質需求

不過，坊間益生菌食品種類繁多，該如何選擇？建議先檢視是否符合「多元菌種」和「共生發酵」的特點。單一菌種的功能單一化，常因個體差異而有功能失常的情況。而多元菌種具有共生性，可以同時針對不同體質需求功能加以設計，適合絕大多數人，而且多元菌種型態發酵的菌數高，相互幫忙以維持良好的菌種活力和穩定性，提高對胃酸和膽鹽的耐受性，進而保健腸道。

每一種益生菌具有本身的獨特性，若能通力合作，保健腸道更輕鬆。

多元共生！益生菌通力合作，保腸效果更佳

每一種益生菌具有本身的獨特性，若能通力合作，保健腸道更輕鬆！舉例來說，嗜酸乳桿菌和瑞士乳桿菌都具有強力的有機酸生產能力，能抑制害菌；長雙歧乳桿菌可直接刺激腸道壁上的淋巴小結，抑制致癌物質的產生；副乾酪乳桿菌，許多研究發現其能改善人體的過敏現象；主要存在大腸中的鼠李糖乳桿菌，具有幫助消化、改善便祕和腹瀉、降低血膽固醇等功用；發酵乳桿菌有抑制金黃葡萄球菌生長的效果，也能用於治療異位性皮膚炎。

而馬克斯克魯維酵母菌能製作無氧環境，有助乳酸菌生長，幫助其他益生菌生長定點生長；嗜熱鏈球菌則有生產快速、會產酸的特點，可輔助乳酸桿菌和比菲德氏菌更有效吸附在腸黏膜上，發揮良好保腸效果。

特別的是，採用多元共生發酵方法繁殖的不只有益生菌本身，過程中也會產出豐富的6種發酵產物，例如：乳酸、必需胺基酸、寡糖、維生素B群、小分子蛋白（胜肽）和礦物質，相互作用，更能促進人體對益生菌的吸收。

腸道好菌會流失　天天不忘補充益生菌

雖然補充益生菌有助「腸保健康」，但腸道益生菌也會隨著腸道腸道蠕動而被排出，因此必須天天補充才能維持一定的增殖量，腸道有足夠的好菌才能發揮保衛腸道的功能，減少便祕，緩解腹痛、腹脹和腹瀉。另外，益生菌要吃活的才有意義，因此消費者選購益生菌時，也要注意產品包裝上的建議保存方法，並在期限內食用，以免好菌壞死，多吃無益。

來源：https://www.top1health.com/Article/30/40705?page=2

Food Allergy vs Food Intolerance; The Difference Matters

Food Allergy Advocate Cautions Parents on the Dangers of Food Allergies

With so much news on food allergies, without the right information it is easy for people to confuse the two. It’s important to know the difference because it could literally be a matter of life and death. Food allergies and food intolerances have important differences and it is becoming increasingly more important to understand them. Here are some tips that may help you and our family as you navigate the journey.

Food for thought…..What’s the difference between a food allergy and an intolerance?

What’s the difference between a food allergy and an intolerance?

True food allergies are immune system responses your body has to certain foods. The top 8 foods that comprise more than 90% of all food allergies are wheat, soy, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, peanuts and tree nuts. (Peanuts are actually a legume not a nut).

True food allergies can cause people to have a severe life threatening immune system response called anaphylaxis which must be treated immediately

There are a few ways people are diagnosed with food allergies that are considered IgE mediated (immune responses) and they can include things like, skin testing, food challenges and blood tests. Check with your medical provider for medical advice to determine if you have a food allergy and follow their guidance.

• Over 15 million Americans live with food allergies (foodallergy.org)
• 
  

On the flip side, intolerances to food can really irritate your body and systems but don’t cause an immune system response

Understand the dangers. Food allergies are generally more dangerous than food intolerances. However, medical experts often recommend that you discontinue eating foods that irritate you or make you feel sick.

If you have an allergic reaction to a food that causes anaphylaxis you will need to seek immediate help. Call 911 for medical emergencies. If you have a food allergy action plan from your physician, make sure to follow it. However, you may be able to avoid a hospital visit if you only have a food intolerance but your physician will need to help you determine this.

Pay attention to your body. It’s important to pay attention to your body after you eat something. You may want to document any reaction and make your doctor aware of it. Learn all about the signs and symptoms of food allergies onfoodallergy.org or www.foodallergyawareness.org. You can also get great tips on living with food allergies on www.kidswithfoodallergies.org

Although food intolerances aren’t as dangerous as food allergies, your doctor can provide guidance. You may need to adjust your menus at home and be more aware of the ingredients in the food you eat at restaurants. You might need to eliminate some foods and replace them with others.

Understand the issues of food intolerances. A food intolerance can be complex and more difficult to understand.

Although your body doesn’t have an immune response to an intolerance, you may still feel very sick. You may experience stomach issues, cramping, bloating, and other symptoms.

Lactose intolerance is one example of a food intolerance that isn’t an allergy.

It’s important to note that once you eliminate or stop eating the food that is causing the intolerance, then your symptoms go away if this is what is causing it. Be careful when doing eliminations to always check with your doctor to maintain proper nutritional

Symptoms that mimic. Food allergies and food intolerances can have overlapping symptoms. This complicates diagnosis and makes it more difficult to determine which one is happening in the body.

Overlapping symptoms can include stomach pain and other issues.

Potential causes of allergies and intolerances. Scientists continue to research why and how food allergies and intolerances develop.

Genetics may play a role in food allergies and intolerances. If you have a family member who’s allergic to soy or another food, then you may be at a higher risk of having a similar allergy but researchers are still researching to find the answers.

Researchers have also found that the human body can lack certain enzymes that make it difficult to digest your food. This can lead to a food intolerance.

Food additives can also create intolerances because you may be sensitive to them. Packaged and processed foods have multiple chemicals in them that can lead to issues and intolerances. You may become sensitive to one or more chemical additives.

It’s important to pay attention to the differences between food allergies and food intolerances. You may want to consult your doctor about questions you may have related to food issues.

Information contained herein is not intended to take the place of medical or legal advice but instead are general in nature. Consult the websites mentioned for research and statistics as well as seek the help of your physician.

Photo: Leonid Mamchenkov/Flickr

Source:
https://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/food-allergy-vs-food-intolerance-the-difference-matters-wrd/

氣喘治本之道 控制過敏原

無法控制過敏原 用藥也恐再復發

（優活健康網記者湯蕎伊／綜合報導）「氣喘的藥一輩子都得一直使用嗎？」氣喘個案管理師陳于文說，這是許多氣喘個案都會問的問題，畢竟每天帶著藥在身邊不能停，其實也是一種心理與心情的壓力，她說，只要1年內不發作，就「有可能」都不會再發作，停藥自然是很有可能的事。

陳于文個管師指出，藥是有可能停，但是環境的控制不能停，因為誘發氣喘發作的過敏原存在環境中，如果無法穩定控制、去除，隨時有可能誘使氣喘再次發作，而且環境過敏原的控制是最基本的，無法控制過敏原的威脅，即使用藥控制也可能會再復發。

掌握病情變化 補強知識衛教

陳于文個管師說，對於病人的衛教，從氣喘的概念、過敏原的防治，以及過敏性疾病的指導、氣喘用藥的指導、氣喘發作處置的指導，並有PEF+APP（尖峰流速值及氣喘自我監測應用程式）使用指導，同時也會提醒要定期回診評估，這更是重點，因為可以掌握病人的病情變化，適時補強相關的知識衛教，在藥物治療之外作為輔助，以落實病情的穩定控制。

除藥物治療外，氣喘病人最重要的就是做好過敏原的控制，在無法改變「體質」的情況下，比起藥物的治標，控制過敏原有如氣喘的治本之道，少了過敏原有如沒有引信的炸藥，風險相對降低許多。

過敏原以塵蟎為主 占9成以上

在台灣，一般氣喘病人常見的室內過敏原，還是以塵蟎為主，占了9成以上，其他則有蟑螂，甚至是貓、狗等，也都有可能引發氣喘，可以驗血方式來找出真正的過敏原，而針對塵蟎的防治，陳于文個管師表示，很大的重點在枕頭、被套等的清潔，除了要經常清洗外，陽光曝曬也是很重要的步驟，而且定期淘汰換新枕頭套、被套，也是必要的。

資料來源：
http://times.hinet.net/news/19250034